Introduction to Ports and Protocols

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Ports

A port is logical access channel between two device which helps in their communication. A port is used to transfer the data

There are total 65535 ports.

   1. Well known ports: 0 to 1023
   2.  Registered Ports: 1024 to 49151
  3.   Dynamic/Private ports: 49152 to 65535  

Some of the useful ports are:

                       Port Name
                       Port Number
ftp
21/tcp
Ssh
22/tcp
telnet
23/tcp
Stmp
25/tcp
http
80/tcp
Kerberos
88/tcp
Pop3
110/tcp
Imap
143/tcp
https
443/tcp
Ftps-data
989/tcp
Ftps
990/tcp
Telnets
992/tcp
Imaps
993/tcp
Pop3s
995/tcp
Ldap
389/tcp


Protocols

Protocol is simply a set of rules which defines a standard way for exchanging information over a network.

  • Most commonly used protocol are: 

    1.  Transmission Control Protocol(TCP):                               TCP is stand for Transmission Control Protocol. TCP provides the facility to exchange the information or data directly  between two hosts. Many major internet application like e-mail, file transfer etc. This protocol contains varity of flags like SYN,ACK,RST,FIN etc. 

    2.  Internet Protocol (IP):

      IP stand for Internet Protocol which is used for exchanging packets .IP is used to deliver packets from source to destination.
      Internet Protocol is responsible for establishment of internet.

    3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

      User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite. The protocol was designed by David P. Reed in 1980 and formally defined in RFC 768. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. 

      It has no handshaking dialogues, and thus exposes the user's program to any unreliability of the underlying network; there is no guarantee of delivery
                                 

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